Products related to Economic:
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Global Economic History
Guiding the reader through the many guises of global economic history, this book uncovers its key issues, debates and subjects.With contributions from leading scholars around the world, it delves into the economic histories of Africa, Europe, Asia and the Americas from the 16th to the 20th centuries.From the environment to The Great Divergence, finance, consumption, trade, industrialisation, commodities and labour regimes, it demonstrates the global nature of economic history, and highlights how indispensable it is and has been. Updated throughout, this new edition boasts an expanded introduction and four new chapters on capitalism and political economy, European empires and colonialism, North Africa and the Middle East, and the North American Economy.A comprehensive introduction to global economic history, this textbook provides students with a confident grasp of the field, its key debates and essential issues.
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Power and Global Economic Institutions
What is the relationship between states' economic power and their formal political power in multilateral economic institutions?Why do we see variation in states' formal political power across economic institutions of the same era?In this book, Ayse Kaya examines these crucial under-explored questions, drawing on multiple theoretical traditions within international relations to advance a new approach of 'adjusted power'.She explains how the economic shifts of our time, marked by the rise of Brazil, Russia, India, China and other emerging economies, have affected and will impact key multilateral economic institutions.Through detailed contemporary and historical analyses of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the G20, and the International Trade Organization, Kaya shows that the institutional setting mediates the significance of the underlying distribution of economic power across states.The book presents both case studies and key statistics.
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Endgame : Economic Nationalism and Global Decline
Globalization as we know it is over. Industrial policies dismissed as obsolete for decades have been embraced by governments worldwide, geopolitical tensions match the height of the Cold War, and a resurgent far-right challenges the very foundations of contemporary democracy.In this book Jamie Merchant examines the roots of this significant shift in the global landscape, reaching further back than the commonly blamed failures post-Cold War.Instead, reviewing the global economy over the entire previous century, he shows that the great political and economic changes of the last decade are not due to a failed ideology of globalization, but to the long-term decay of the modern, market-based economic order.Endgame offers a historical perspective on the period of globalization, illuminating the future path of the global economy and world politics.
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Trade Liberalisation and Economic Development in Africa
This book provides a thorough and rigorous discussion on the impact of trade liberalisation on economic development with a special focus on the African continent.The author presents the rationale for trade liberalisation, trade liberalisation frameworks, the trade liberalisation economic development nexus, impediments to trade, and contemporary issues of international trade. In this book, notwithstanding the benefits from trade liberalisation, the author shows that African trade as a share of global trade has remained flat at 3% as in 1975, while the continent’s exports have remained raw materials and its intra-regional trade at less than 15% of total trade, which is the lowest in the world (UNCTAD, 2020).With respect to key economic development indicators such as economic growth, poverty levels, and employment levels, this book shows that, ironically and in direct contrast with the conventional views that trade liberalisation alleviates poverty, trade liberalisation in Africa has resulted in high levels of unemployment and low economic growth which ultimately lead to increased poverty.In addition, this book provides a detailed analysis of why trade liberalisation has failed to yield meaningful benefits to Africa.The binding constraints and blockages which prevent positive spin-offs on trade liberalisation in Africa are discussed in detail in this book.In the same vein, the author provides practical strategies which must be adopted by African countries in order to gain from trade liberalisation, making this work a must-read for African governments, academia, trade experts, regional trading blocs, the World Trade Organization, and development partners.In view of this, and as part of the disruptive and structural transformation policies, the author discusses case studies and international experience contextualised to Africa as well as strategies for addressing the trade-related infrastructure gap, production capacities, export promotion, and aid for trade.
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Are we in an economic crisis or a global economic crisis?
We are currently facing a global economic crisis due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has caused widespread disruptions to economies around the world, leading to job losses, business closures, and financial instability. Governments and central banks have implemented various measures to mitigate the economic fallout, but the full extent of the crisis is still unfolding. The interconnected nature of the global economy means that the effects of this crisis are being felt on a worldwide scale.
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What is better: Retail trade or wholesale and foreign trade?
The choice between retail trade and wholesale and foreign trade depends on various factors such as business goals, target market, and resources. Retail trade involves selling products directly to consumers, allowing for higher profit margins but requiring more marketing efforts. On the other hand, wholesale and foreign trade involve selling products in bulk to other businesses or overseas markets, offering lower profit margins but potentially higher sales volume. Ultimately, the better option would depend on the specific needs and objectives of the business.
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What is better: Retail trade or Wholesale and Foreign trade?
The answer to whether retail trade or wholesale and foreign trade is better depends on various factors such as the specific business goals, target market, and resources available. Retail trade involves selling products directly to consumers, allowing for higher profit margins but also requiring more marketing and customer service efforts. On the other hand, wholesale and foreign trade involve selling products in bulk to other businesses or overseas markets, offering the potential for larger sales volumes but with lower profit margins. Ultimately, the best choice would depend on the individual business's strengths, market opportunities, and long-term objectives.
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Why has world trade increased faster than global economic output in the last 70 years?
World trade has increased faster than global economic output in the last 70 years due to several factors. One reason is the reduction of trade barriers and the liberalization of trade policies through international agreements such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO). Additionally, advancements in technology and transportation have made it easier and more cost-effective to trade goods and services across borders. The rise of multinational corporations and the globalization of supply chains have also contributed to the increase in world trade. Lastly, the growth of emerging economies and their integration into the global economy has further fueled the expansion of international trade.
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Trade-Offs : An Introduction to Economic Reasoning
The highly engaging introduction to thinking like an economist, updated for a new generation of readers. When economists wrestle with any social issue—be it unemployment, inflation, healthcare, or crime and punishment—they do so impersonally.The big question for them is: what are the costs and benefits, or trade-offs, of the solutions to such matters?These trade-offs constitute the core of how economists see the world—and make the policies that govern it.Trade-Offs is an introduction to the economic approach of analyzing controversial policy issues.A useful introduction to the various factors that inform public opinion and policymaking, Trade-Offs is composed of case studies on topics drawn from across contemporary law and society. Intellectually stimulating yet accessible and entertaining, Trade-Offs will be appreciated by students of economics, public policy, health administration, political science, and law, as well as by anyone following current social policy debates.
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Economic Torts and Economic Wrongs
This book explores contemporary issues in respect of causes of action which operate to protect a plaintiff’s economic interests. It examines the question from across the spectrum of private law.Focusing mainly on common law principles, it looks in particular at the treatment of such causes of action in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Singapore as well as other common law jurisdictions.Addressing both theoretical and doctrinal issues, this important book will appeal to both private law scholars and practitioners.
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Disembedded Markets : Economic Theology and Global Capitalism
This book offers a sociological analysis of globalised capitalist markets, advancing the notion of ‘disembedded markets’ to challenge the idea of ‘social embeddedness’ common in economic sociology.Avoiding an exclusive focus on institutions, networks and trust relationships surrounding markets, the author concentrates on private property as the key institution of markets, in order to emphasise the historical origins of modern capitalism the free market narrative, and develop a socio-historical analysis of the disembedding process together with an account of the built-in contradictions and limits of market universalisation.Through an analysis of their encompassing character, this volume demonstrates that disembedded markets do not fit standard theoretical accounts of sociality – a problem taken up not only by Karl Marx, but also by Friedrich August von Hayek and Niklas Luhmann – and questions the attempts of the emerging approach of ‘economic theology’ to draw parallels between the practices that arise from disembedded markets and from forms of religious experience and ritual.A rigorous examination of the phenomenon of disembedded markets and the claims to which they give rise concerning the equivalences between religion and capitalism, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology and economics with interests in capitalism, social theory, and global markets.
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Global Economic History : A Very Short Introduction
Why are some countries rich and others poor? In 1500, the income differences were small, but they have grown dramatically since Columbus reached America.Since then, the interplay between geography, globalization, technological change, and economic policy has determined the wealth and poverty of nations.The industrial revolution was Britain's path breaking response to the challenge of globalization.Western Europe and North America joined Britain to form a club of rich nations by pursuing four polices-creating a national market by abolishing internal tariffs and investing in transportation, erecting an external tariff to protect their fledgling industries from British competition, banks to stabilize the currency and mobilize domestic savings for investment, and mass education to prepare people for industrial work.Together these countries pioneered new technologies that have made them ever richer.Before the Industrial Revolution, most of the world's manufacturing was done in Asia, but industries from Casablanca to Canton were destroyed by western competition in the nineteenth century, and Asia was transformed into 'underdeveloped countries' specializing in agriculture.The spread of economic development has been slow since modern technology was invented to fit the needs of rich countries and is ill adapted to the economic and geographical conditions of poor countries.A few countries - Japan, Soviet Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, and perhaps China - have, nonetheless, caught up with the West through creative responses to the technological challenge and with Big Push industrialization that has achieved rapid growth through investment coordination.Whether other countries can emulate the success of East Asia is a challenge for the future. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area.These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly.Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Price: 8.99 £ | Shipping*: 3.99 £
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What is the global economic crisis of 2021?
The global economic crisis of 2021 refers to the widespread economic downturn and instability that has been caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The crisis has led to a sharp decline in global economic growth, widespread unemployment, and disruptions to supply chains and trade. Many businesses have struggled to stay afloat, and governments around the world have implemented various stimulus measures to support their economies. The crisis has also highlighted existing inequalities and vulnerabilities within the global economy, making it a significant challenge for policymakers and businesses to navigate.
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What is the difference between online commerce and retail commerce?
Online commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet, while retail commerce refers to the traditional brick-and-mortar stores where customers can physically visit and make purchases. Online commerce offers the convenience of shopping from anywhere at any time, while retail commerce provides the opportunity for customers to see, touch, and try products before making a purchase. Online commerce often involves lower overhead costs and can reach a wider audience, while retail commerce provides a more personalized and immediate shopping experience.
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Can one become wealthy through wholesale and retail trade?
Yes, one can become wealthy through wholesale and retail trade. By buying goods in bulk at a lower price and selling them at a higher price to consumers, individuals can generate significant profits. Successful wholesale and retail businesses can scale up and expand, leading to increased revenue and wealth accumulation over time. However, it requires strategic planning, market knowledge, and effective management to succeed in this competitive industry.
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What is the difference between retail and wholesale trade?
Retail trade involves the sale of goods or services to the end consumer, typically in small quantities and at a higher price. It is the final step in the distribution chain before the product reaches the consumer. Wholesale trade, on the other hand, involves the sale of goods or services in large quantities to retailers, businesses, or other institutions at a lower price. Wholesale trade occurs before the goods reach the retail level and is often done in bulk. In summary, retail trade focuses on selling to individual consumers, while wholesale trade focuses on selling to businesses and retailers in larger quantities.
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